色彩大师5分钟速成教程 快速色彩搭配 调色教程 数字油画如何避免白点

作者；中国数字油画网 ；www.tuhuacn.com 谭明刚 微信 cathaylove

The power of color

色彩的力量

Color plays a vital role in design and everyday life. It can draw your eye to an image. Sometimes it can trigger an emotional response. It can even communicate something important without using words at all.

色彩在设计和日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。 它可以把你的眼睛吸引到一个图像上。 有时它会引发情绪反应。 它甚至可以在不用语言的情况下交流重要的事情。

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So how do we know which colors look good together and which ones don’t? The answer is simple: Color theory.

那么我们怎么知道哪些颜色搭配起来好看，哪些不好看呢? 答案很简单: 颜色理论。

Artists and designers have followed color theory for centuries, but anyone can learn more about it. It can help you feel confident in many different situations, whether it’s choosing colors for a design or putting together the perfect outfit. With a little insight, you’ll be looking at color in a whole new way.

艺术家和设计师遵循色彩理论已经几个世纪了，但是任何人都可以学到更多关于它的东西。 它可以帮助你在许多不同的情况下感到自信，无论是为一个设计选择颜色或把完美的装备放在一起。 有了一点点的洞察力，你将以一种全新的方式来看待色彩。

Watch the video below to learn more about color.

观看下面的视频来了解更多关于颜色的信息。

Color basics

色彩基础

Let’s start at the beginning with a refresher on the basics. Remember learning about primary and secondary colors in school? Then you already have some knowledge of color theory.

让我们从基础知识开始复习。 还记得在学校学过的关于原色和次色的知识吗？ 那么你已经对色彩理论有所了解了。

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Secondary colors are created by combining two primary colors. Red and yellow make orange; yellow and blue make green; and blue and red make purple.

二次色是由两种原色组合而成的。 红色和黄色表示橙色，黄色和蓝色表示绿色，蓝色和红色表示紫色。

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If we mix these colors together, we get even more in-between shades, like red-orange and yellow-green. All together, they form what’s called a color wheel. (You can probably see where it gets its name.)

如果我们把这些颜色混合在一起，我们会得到更多的中间色调，比如红橙色和黄绿色。 总的来说，它们形成了所谓的色环。 (你大概可以看出它的名字是从哪里来的。)

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A closer look

近距离观察

Now that you know about the color wheel, let’s take it one step further with hue, saturation, and value. These are terms you might not encounter in daily life, but they’re the key to understanding more nuanced colors—like all those little paint chips at the home improvement store.

既然您已经了解了色轮，那么让我们进一步了解色相、饱和度和值。 这些术语你可能在日常生活中不会遇到，但它们是理解更多细微差别的颜色的关键ーー就像家居装饰商店里的那些小油漆碎片一样。

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Hue

色调

Hue is the easiest one; it’s basically just another word for color. In the example below, you might describe the hue as coral pink or light red, depending on your interpretation.

色相是最简单的一个; 它基本上就是颜色的另一种说法。 在下面的例子中，根据您的理解，您可以将色调描述为珊瑚粉色或浅红色。

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Saturation

饱和度

Saturation refers to intensity—in other words, whether the color appears more subtle or more vibrant. Highly saturated colors are brighter or richer. Desaturated colors have less pigment and therefore less oomph.

饱和度指的是强度ーー换句话说，是指颜色看起来更微妙还是更有活力。 高度饱和的颜色更明亮或更丰富。 去饱和的颜色色素较少，因此吸引力较小。

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Value

价值

Value has to do with how dark or light the color is, ranging from black to white. As you can see below, this gives us many different shades, from a deep reddish brown to a light pastel pink.

数值取决于颜色的深浅，从黑色到白色。 正如你在下面看到的，这给了我们许多不同的色调，从深红棕色到淡粉色。

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Creating color schemes

创建配色方案

So how do we put this all together to create professional-looking color schemes? There are actually tried-and-true formulas based on something called color harmony that can help.

那么，我们如何把这一切放在一起来创建专业的配色方案？ 实际上，有一些经过验证的公式是基于一种叫做颜色和谐的东西，这种颜色和谐可以有所帮助。

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Color harmony uses the color wheel to illustrate time-tested color combinations. We’ll explore some of the most common types of harmony below.

色彩协调使用色轮来说明经过时间考验的颜色组合。 下面我们将探索一些最常见的和声类型。

Monochromatic

单色的

The easiest formula for harmony is monochromatic because it only uses one color or hue. To create a monochromatic color scheme, pick a spot on the color wheel, then use your knowledge of saturation and value to create variations.

最简单的调和公式是单色，因为它只使用一种颜色或色调。 要创建单色配色方案，请在色轮上选择一个点，然后利用饱和度和值的知识来创建变化。

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The best thing about monochromatic color schemes is that they’re guaranteed to match. The colors suit each other perfectly because they’re all from the same family.

关于单色配色方案最好的事情是，他们保证匹配。 这些颜色非常适合彼此，因为它们都来自同一个家庭。

Analogous

类比

An analogous color scheme uses colors that are next to each other on the wheel, like reds and oranges or blues and greens.

类似的配色方案使用轮子上彼此相邻的颜色，比如红色、橙色、蓝色和绿色。

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Don’t be afraid to play with the palette and create your own unique interpretation. That’s what color harmony is all about; the formulas are merely starting points to help guide and inspire you.

不要害怕使用调色板，创造你自己独特的解释。 这就是色彩和谐的意义所在; 这些公式仅仅是帮助引导和启发你的起点。

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Complementary

互补

Complementary colors are opposite each other on the wheel; for instance, blue and orange or the classic red and green.

互补色在方向盘上相对，例如，蓝色和橙色或者经典的红色和绿色。

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To avoid complementary color schemes that are too simplistic, add some variety by introducing lighter, darker, or desaturated tones.

为了避免过于简单的互补色方案，可以通过引入更轻、更深或去饱和色调来增加一些变化。

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Split-complementary

分裂-互补

A split-complementary color scheme uses the colors on either side of the complement.

分割互补色方案使用补色两边的颜色。

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This gives you the same level of contrast as a complementary color scheme but more colors to work with (and potentially more interesting results).

这样可以提供与互补色方案相同的对比度，但是可以使用更多的颜色(并且可能会得到更有趣的结果)。

Triadic

三元的

A triadic color scheme uses three colors that are evenly spaced, forming a perfect triangle on the wheel.

三元配色方案使用三种均匀间隔的颜色，在轮子上形成一个完美的三角形。

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These combinations tend to be pretty striking—especially when they include primary or secondary colors—so be mindful when using them in your work.

这些组合往往相当引人注目，尤其是当它们包括原色或次色时，所以在工作中使用它们时要留心。

Tetradic

四元组

Tetradic color schemes form a rectangle on the wheel, using not one but two complementary color pairs. This formula works best if you let one color dominate while the others serve as an accent.

四色配色方案在轮子上形成一个矩形，使用不是一个而是两个互补色对。 如果你让一种颜色占主导地位，而其他颜色作为重音，这个公式效果最好。

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Avoiding common mistakes

避免常见的错误

There are a few classic dos and don’ts when it comes to color. For instance, have you ever seen colors that seem to vibrate when they’re placed next to each other?

在色彩方面有一些经典的做法和不做的事情。 例如，你有没有见过颜色被放置在一起时会震动的情况？

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The solution is to tone it down—literally—and there’s a simple way do it. Start with one color, and try adjusting its lightness, darkness, or saturation. Sometimes a little contrast is all your color palette needs.

解决办法是逐渐降低音量，有一个简单的方法可以做到。 从一种颜色开始，尝试调整它的明度、暗度或饱和度。 有时候，一点点对比就是你所需要的调色板。

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Readability is an important factor in any design. Your colors should be legible and easy on the eyes, especially when working with text.

可读性是任何设计中的一个重要因素。 你的颜色应该是清晰易读的，对眼睛来说很容易，特别是在处理文本时。

Sometimes that means NOT using color—at least not in every little detail.

有时这意味着不使用颜色ー至少不是在每一个细节上。

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Neutral colors like black, white, and gray can help you balance your design, so when you do use color, it really stands out.

中性色如黑色、白色和灰色可以帮助你平衡你的设计，所以当你使用颜色时，它真的很突出。

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Choosing the right colors

选择正确的颜色

Every color sends a message. It’s important to consider the tone of your project, and choose a color palette that fits.

每一种颜色都传递着一种信息。 重要的是要考虑到你的项目的色调，并选择一个适合的调色板。

For example, bright colors tend to have a fun or modern vibe.

例如，明亮的颜色往往有一个有趣的或现代的氛围。

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Desaturated colors often appear more serious or businesslike.

不饱和的颜色通常看起来更严肃或商业化。

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Sometimes it just depends on the context. With practice and creativity, there’s no limit to what you can do.

有时候这只是取决于具体情况，通过练习和创造力，你能做的事情是没有限制的。

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Finding inspiration

寻找灵感

You can find ideas for color schemes in all kinds of interesting places, from advertising and branding to famous works of art.

你可以在各种有趣的地方找到配色方案的想法，从广告和品牌到著名的艺术作品。

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You can even use a web resource to browse color palettes or generate your own.

你甚至可以使用网络资源来浏览调色板或者生成你自己的。

Experienced designers often take inspiration from the world around them. There’s nothing wrong with finding something you like and making it your own.

有经验的设计师经常从周围的世界中获得灵感。 找到你喜欢的东西，然后把它变成你自己的东西，这没有什么错。

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Putting it all together

把它们放在一起

Everywhere you look, there’s color, color, and more color. It can be intimidating to use it in your work, but it doesn’t have to be. Justkeep experimenting, and remember what you’ve learned about color theory. Soon, choosing great-looking colors will feel like second nature.

你看到的每个地方，都有颜色，颜色，和更多的颜色。 在工作中使用它可能有点吓人，但不一定非要这样。 继续尝试，记住你所学到的关于颜色理论的知识。 很快，选择漂亮的颜色就会成为你的第二天性。

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We hope you enjoyed learning the basics of color!

作者；中国数字油画网 ；www.tuhuacn.com 谭明刚 微信 cathaylove

https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/beginning-graphic-design/branding-and-identity/1/